ZONE BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM
A microcontroller (ATMEGA16) based home security system.
The prototype we made
have the following features:
o Multi
- zone security: The entire area is divided into
different zones with customizable security levels and individual monitoring.
The prototype comes with a three zone detections and a two level security for
each.
o Customizable
security levels:
Each zone security level can be individually customized. A two level security
is made available in the prototype
o User
Defined Password:
Once activated, the system can be deactivated only upon the entry of the
correct password. User can easily change the password using the keypad
o Fire
alarm: Constant
temperature monitoring which triggers a
fire alarm and motor at excess temperature levels
o User
friendly LCD interface and 4*4 keypad: The prototype comes with a 4*4 keypad and an LCD
interface which can be used to change the password, change security levels etc.
o Screensaver featuring current system status
and current temperature
o Multi LED display to indicate the current status of the system, zone security status and excessive temperature levels
Security breach is detected using
IR-Photodiode (Tx-Rx) pair . A drop in light intensity on the receiver would
trigger the alarm system. The detailed circuit diagram is given in the later
section.
 |
| Block diagram |
COMPONENTS USED
List of hardware components:
o
ATMega 16
o
Resistors
o
LEDs
o
Transistor
o
4 x 4 keypad
o
IR LEDs
o
Photodiodes
o
Capacitors
o
16*2 LCD
o
Buzzer
o
LM35
o
BC547
o
Power LED
o
Push Button - Large
o
Push Button - Small
o
Crystal Oscillator
o
General PCB
o
DC Motor
List of software components:
o
Proteus Isis 7
o
Programmer’s Notepad
o
WINAVR
Component Description
LM35 Temperature Sensor
LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self-heating and does not cause more than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.
The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its scale factor is 0.01V/ oC.
Photodiode-IR sensor
IR Led is used as the transmitter and Photo diode as
the receiver. A 10kohm resistor is given in series with the photo diode, with a
terminal to ground. Photo diode, being reverse biased, conducts only when IR
light falls on it. So when no light falls on the diode, the output will be low
and high otherwise.
The transmitter and
receiver are kept at two points, some 20cm apart, with the light coming from IR
Led falling directly onto the photo-diode. So normally output will be high. When
an intruder comes in between the two, the path is broken and the photo diode goes to off stage, and the output goes low. The output is connected to the
interrupt pin of the MCU, which detects the high-low transition and initiates
the corresponding set of actions.
Circuit Diagram
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
Zone based Home
Security System with features including user defined password, customizable
level security for various zones and temperature monitoring was successfully
designed and implemented.
The
prototype we made consists of three zones. New zones may be easily added
according to the need. We have demonstrated only the working of intruder sensor
and temperature sensors. Others types of sensors to detect smoke, gas leak,
indoor/outdoor motion etc. can be added/replaced with existing sensors. Sensors
may be place in a distant location and microcontroller can monitor it using RF
modules.
CODE
#include
<avr/io.h>
#include
<util/delay.h>
#include
"lcd.c"
#include<avr/interrupt.h>
//#include
<lcd.h>
char
masterpswd[6]="1111",temp[6];
int
reftemp=16, tempstat=0;
char x[2];
char
key_check(int);
void
setupint() //setup interrupts
{
GICR|=(1<<INT1)|(1<<INT0)|(1<<INT2);//
int0 and int1 falling edge
MCUCSR|=(0<<ISC2);
// int2 falling edge
MCUCR=0b01010;
}
void adcinit() //initialize adc
{
ADCSRA=0b11010110;
ADMUX=0b01100111;
}
uint8_t
getadc() // return temperature adc
{
uint8_t adc;
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC); // start conversion
while(!(ADCSRA
& (1<<ADIF))); //
waiting for ADIF, conversion complete
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADIF); // clearing of ADIF, it is done by
writing 1 to it
adc=ADCH;
return adc;
}
void
displays(char str[20])
{
lcd_clrscr();
lcd_home();
lcd_puts(str);
_delay_ms(200);
}
int
getpassword(int n) // function to read //password
{
int i=0;
char key, temp[6];
lcd_clrscr();
lcd_home();
lcd_puts("Enter
Password:");
_delay_ms(200);
lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
while(i<4)
{
key=key_check(0);
if(n==2)
{
if(key=='A')
return 2;
}
beep(1);
temp[i]=key;
lcd_puts("*");
_delay_ms(200);
i++;
}
temp[i]='\0';
//lcd_puts(temp);
//_delay_ms(1000);
if(strcmp(temp,masterpswd)==0)
{
return 1;
}
else
{
lcd_clrscr();
lcd_home();
lcd_puts("WRONG
PASSWORD");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
beep(1);
_delay_ms(100);
}
return 0;
}
}
void
timer_start()
{
TIMSK |= (1
<< TOIE1 ); // Enable overflow interrupt
TCNT1=40000;//26472
TCCR1B |=
(0<<CS12) | (1<<CS11) | (1<<CS10); // Start timer at Fcpu /8
}
void
timer_stop()
{
TIMSK |= (0
<< TOIE1 ); // Disable overflow interrupt
}
struct
security
{
int zone;
char
mobno[11];
int sec;
}s[3];
void disjtag()
//disable jtag
{
MCUCSR|=(1<<JTD);
MCUCSR|=(1<<JTD);
}
void
checktemp()
{
uint8_t x;
x=getadc();
if(x>reftemp)
{
tempstat=1; // above reference temperature
PORTD|=(1<<6);
PORTB|=(1<<7);
displays("FIRE ALARM ON");
_delay_ms(1000);
}
else
{
PORTD &= ~(1<<6);
PORTB &= ~(1<<7);
tempstat=0;
}
}
void ss() //
Screen Saver
{
uint8_t x;
displays("SECURITY
ON");
_delay_ms(1000);
displays("STATUS
: SECURE");
_delay_ms(1000);
x=getadc();
x=(float)(x*1.8);
itoa(x,temp,10);
lcd_clrscr();
lcd_home();
lcd_puts("TEMPERATURE
\n ");
lcd_puts(temp);
lcd_puts("
'C");
_delay_ms(1000);
displays("PRESS
ANY KEY\nFOR MENU");
_delay_ms(1000);
}
char
key_check(int n) //function
to check and identify a character
{
uint8_t r,c,k;
while(1)
{
PORTC=0xEF;//
row A=0
if((PINC &
0b01) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01) ==0)
return '0';//
r1 c1
}
else
if((PINC &
0b010) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b010) ==0)
return '1';//
r1 c2
}
else
if((PINC &
0b0100) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b0100) ==0)
return '2';//
r1 c3
}
else
if((PINC &
0b01000) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01000) ==0)
return '3';//
r1 c4
}
PORTC=0xDF;//
row B=0
if((PINC &
0b01) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01) ==0)
return '4';//
r1 c1
}
else
if((PINC &
0b010) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b010) ==0)
return '4';//
r1 c2
}
else
if((PINC &
0b0100) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b0100) ==0)
return '5';//
r1 c3
}
else
if((PINC &
0b01000) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01000) ==0)
return '6';//
r1 c4
}
PORTC=0xBF;//
row C=0
if((PINC &
0b01) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01) ==0)
return '8';//
r1 c1
}
else
if((PINC &
0b010) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b010) ==0)
return '7';//
r1 c2
}
else
if((PINC &
0b0100) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b0100) ==0)
return '8';//
r1 c3
}
else
if((PINC &
0b01000) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01000) ==0)
return '9';//
r1 c4
}
PORTC=0x7F;//
row D=0
if((PINC &
0b01) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01) ==0)
return 'C';//
r1 c1
}
else
if((PINC &
0b010) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b010) ==0)
return 'A';//
r1 c2
}
else
if((PINC &
0b0100) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b0100) ==0)
return '0';//
r1 c3
}
else
if((PINC &
0b01000) == 0b0)
{
_delay_ms(10);
if((PINC &
0b01000) ==0)
return 'B';//
r1 c4
}
if(n==1)
return 'A';
}
}
void
initiate(struct security s)
{
if(s.sec==1)
{
PORTB=0x07;
}
else
if(s.sec==0)
{
PORTB=0x05;
}
if(s.zone==1)
{
PORTB|=(1<<4);
displays("ZONE
1 SECURITY\n BREACHED !!!!!!");
//timer_start();
_delay_ms(300);
}
else
if(s.zone==2)
{
PORTB|=(1<<5);
displays("ZONE
2 SECURITY\n BREACHED !!!!!!");
_delay_ms(300);
}
else
if(s.zone==3)
{
PORTB|=(1<<6);
displays("ZONE
3 SECURITY\n BREACHED !!!!!!");
_delay_ms(300);
}
}
void bootup()
{
displays("WELCOME");
_delay_ms(500);
displays("ZONE
BASED HOME\nSECURITY SYSTEM");
_delay_ms(500);
}
void menu()
{
char k;
int i;
lcd_clrscr();
lcd_home();
lcd_puts("MENU\nPress
0");
while((k=key_check(0))!='0')
{
if(k=='A')
return;
}
beep(1);
lcd_clrscr();
lcd_home();
lcd_puts("1.SETTINGS
\n2.USER PROFILE");
while(1)
{
k=key_check(0);
beep(1);
if(k=='A')
return;
if((k=='1') ||
(k=='2') )
break;
}
if(k=='1')
{
displays("AREA \nPRESS 1, 2 OR
3 ");
while(1)
{
k=key_check(0);
beep(1);
if(k=='A')
return;
if((k=='1')||(k=='2')||(k=='3'))
break;
}
if(k=='1')
{
displays("ZONE
1\n1.LOW 2.HIGH ");
while(1)
{
k=key_check(0);
beep(1);
if(k=='A')
return;
if((k=='1')||(k=='2'))
break;
}
s[0].sec=(k-0x30-1);
displays("CHANGES
SAVED");
_delay_ms(200);
}
else if(k=='2')
{
displays("ZONE
2\n1.LOW 2.HIGH ");
while(1)
{
k=key_check(0);
beep(1);
if(k=='A')
return;
if((k=='1')||(k=='2'))
break;
}
s[1].sec=(k-0x30-1);
displays("CHANGES
SAVED");
_delay_ms(200);
}
else if(k=='3')
{
displays("ZONE
3\n1.LOW 2.HIGH ");
while(1)
{
k=key_check(0);
beep(1);
if(k=='A')
return;
if((k=='1')||(k=='2'))
break;
}
s[2].sec=(k-0x30-1);
displays("CHANGES
SAVED");
_delay_ms(200);
}
}
else
{
displays("RESET PASSWORD\nTYPE
0");
while(key_check(0)!='0');
beep(1);
//k=getpassword();
k=0;
while((k=getpassword(2))!=1)
{
if(k==2)
return;
};
i=0;
displays("NEW
PASSWORD\n");
while(i<4)
{
k=key_check(0);
beep(1);
temp[i]=k;
lcd_puts("*");
if((k=='A')||(k=='B') )
return;
_delay_ms(200);
i++;
}
temp[i]='\0';
strcpy(masterpswd,temp);
displays("PASSWORD CHANGED");
_delay_ms(300);
}
}
void stop()
{
beep(1);
displays("DEACTIVATED");
PORTB=0x0C; // safe indication + int
PORTD=0x0F;
_delay_ms(200);
}
void beep(int
n)
{
int i=0;
while(i<(2*n))
{
PORTD ^= 0x80;
_delay_ms(100);
i++;
}
PORTD=0x0F;
}
int main(void)
{
DDRC=0xF0;
DDRD=0xF2;
DDRB=0xFB;
PORTB=0x0C;
PORTD=0x0F;
disjtag();
lcd_init(LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR);
/* initialize lcd, display on, cursor on for more options lcd_init(), view
lcd.h file */lcd_init(LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR); /* initialize lcd, display on,
cursor on for more options lcd_init(), view lcd.h file */
lcd_home();
lcd_clrscr();
adcinit();
setupint();
sei();
char
x[3]="a",key='c';
s[0].zone=1;
s[1].zone=2;
s[2].zone=3;
s[0].sec=0;
s[1].sec=0;
s[2].sec=1;
beep(1);
bootup();
beep(1);
//timer_start();
while(1) /* run continuously */
{
ss();
checktemp();
key=key_check(1);
if((key<='9')&&(key>='0'))
{
beep(1);
menu();
}
}
}
ISR(INT0_vect)
{
initiate(s[0]);
while(key_check(1)=='A');
while(!getpassword(1));
stop();
}
ISR(INT1_vect)
{
initiate(s[1]);
while(key_check(1)=='A');
while(!getpassword(1));
stop();
}
ISR(INT2_vect)
{
initiate(s[2]);
while(key_check(1)=='A');
while(!getpassword(1));
stop();
}
ISR ( TIMER1_OVF_vect
)
{
TCNT1=40000;
if(tempstat==1)
PORTD|=(1<<5);
else
{
//PORTD &=
~(1<<5);
PORTB^=0x80;
}
}
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